Risk Factors for Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Vietnam Veterans: A 14-Year Follow-Up of American Legionnaires.

Risk factors affecting the course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are poorly understood. As part of a larger study on characterizing exposure to herbicides in Vietnam, the authors investigated this issue in a random sample of 1,377 American Legionnaires who had served in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War and were followed over a 14-year period. High combat exposure, perceived negative community attitudes at homecoming, minority race, depression symptoms at Time 1, and more anger at Time 1 predicted a more chronic course. Community involvement at Time 1 was protective and associated with decreased risk at Time 2. Discomfort in disclosing Vietnam experiences was associated with an increased risk for developing PTSD but did not predict its course. Combat exposure predicted PTSD course more strongly than any other risk factor. Findings suggest recovery from PTSD is significantly influenced by perceived social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electronic protection and routing optimization of MANETs operating in an electronic warfare environment

Domination of the electromagnetic spectrum is a crucial component of the 21st century warfare. In the harsh electromagnetic environment of the modern battlefield, it is of the utmost importance to deny the opposing force the opportunity to attack or exploit the detection/interception of friendly communications assets through the deployment of electronic protection (EP) measures in order to attain low probability of detection (LPD), low probability of interception (LPI) and anti-jam (A/J). Given that directional antennas are a suitable means to achieve both extended range and LPD/LPI, this paper proposes mechanisms to optimize the trade-off between these capabilities, minimizing the number of hops and end-to-end delay when routing packets in a multi-hop ad-hoc network, while taking into account stealth requirements. The novel scheme is based on a variant of Fisheye State Routing, coupled with a power control algorithm to guarantee a LPD/LPI beyond the zone covered by the omni-directional radiation footprint of the network. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through computer simulation.     

Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire profiles of veterans with traumatic combat exposure: Externalizing and internalizing subtypes.

This study used the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; A. Tellegen, in press) to identify personality-based subtypes of posttraumatic response. Cluster analyses of MPQs completed by combat veterans revealed subgroups that differed on measures relating to the externalization versus internalization of distress. The MPQ profile of the externalizing cluster was defined by low Constraint and Harmavoidance coupled with high Alienation and Aggression. Individuals in this cluster also had histories of delinquency and high rates of substance-related disorder. In comparison, the MPQ profile of the internalizing cluster was characterized by lower Positive Emotionality, Alienation, and Aggression and higher Constraint, and individuals in this cluster showed high rates of depressive disorder. These findings suggest that dispositions toward externalizing versus internalizing psychopathology may account for heterogeneity in the expression of posttraumatic responses, including patterns of comorbidity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于MAK仿真平台的要地防空作战仿真研究

结合要地防空作战样式特性,构建了基于MAK仿真平台的分布交互式作战仿真系统,研究了要地防空CGF框架和仿真实体的探测器、控制器和执行器组件,采用Stealth开发了地空导弹武器系统和飞机视景仿真系统,模拟了地面和空中战场环境,并最终形成了初步仿真案例。研究成果对采用MAK平台开发作战仿真系统有一定借鉴和参考价值。     

基于多智能体技术的反辐射导弹作战效能评估建模研究

分析了机载反辐射导弹的作战流程;建立了基于多智能体技术的复杂电磁环境下反辐射导弹作战效能评估模型框架;研究了基于Bayesian网的反辐射导弹作战效能评估模型。提出的建模方法对其他复杂装备系统作战效能评估研究具有参考作用。     

基于建模与仿真的多诱饵空域设计研究

对弹道导弹中段红外诱饵突防过程进行了分析,并利用建模与仿真方法对多诱饵空域设计方法进行了研究,该方法基于弹头与诱饵的运动学模型、导引头识别模型、突防效果评价模型,通过搜索法和模拟退火算法分析不同空域构型下的诱饵目标群突防效果,最后对特定条件下诱饵空域构型突防效果进行了仿真计算,试验结果表明,该方法具有科学性和工程应用价值。     

超视距空战飞行轨迹建模及仿真

超视距多目标攻击逻辑决策和空战态势评估是超视距空战研究的主要方面,但对空战战术影响较大的战机飞行轨迹和飞行参数的研究较少.通过对超视距空战和视距内空战的比较,分析了超视距空战的空战过程.根据超视距空战迎头攻击战术的特点,建立了相应飞行轨迹的数学模型,并求解了载机速度、载机发射导弹速度、转弯速度、载机转弯半径、目标机速度、载机飞行时间、转弯时间和导弹飞行时间之间的关系.通过仿真分析了飞行参数对飞行轨迹的影响,并根据载机性能约束条件,求解了飞行参数的最优解.仿真结果表明,飞行轨迹模型和最优飞行参数设计的合理性和可信性,可为超视距空战战术、战法决策等作战应用提供重要参考.     

异平台雷达和ESM的高精度协同估计方法

随着网络的应用,不同平台的协同作战成为一种趋势,该趋势促成了异类平台间的数据融合需求.作为典型的协同模式,异平台的雷达和ESM观测的坐标系不同,无法直接融合,且二维ESM数据和三维雷达数据直接融合的精度较低.论文提出将雷达距离及方差转换到ESM坐标系下,转换得到虚假的距离量测结合ESM的角度量测,在三维坐标下进行Kalman滤波,获得ESM的估计及协方差矩阵,再进行协方差交集估计处理,可以较大的提高估计精度.     

联合战斗的复杂网络多Agent建模与仿真研究

当前军队正处于从机械化向信息化转型的关键时期,部队的基本作战模式相应地由合同战斗向联合战斗转变,科学地把握联合战斗的特点和规律,是军队履行好新世纪新阶段历史使命的必要前提。面向未来从信息化作战要求,运用复杂网络理论,构建了联合战斗的复杂网络多Agent模型体系,分析了作战单元关系网络的形成机制,建立了联合战斗系统的Agent模型,并给出了Agent的决策函数和火力损耗分形算法,建立了联合战斗多Agent仿真平台,为联合战斗问题研究开拓了新的途径。     

机载嵌入式空战训练的研究与进展

超视距作战是现代空战的主要方式,实兵对抗演练和地面模拟器对超视距空战的训练存在不足。嵌入式训练有机结合了实在仿真与虚拟仿真,弥补了前两种训练方式的缺陷,实现训练与作战的无缝连接。首先阐述了嵌入式训练概念和优势。重点研究了嵌入式训练的关键支撑技术：机载嵌入式训练系统架构,超视距作战虚拟兵力生成,嵌入式训练中情景意识研究和智能教学,总结了国内外嵌入式训练的研究现状。最后分析了嵌入式训练系统存在的问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。